Alexitimia e adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo / Alexithymia and adherence to antihypertensive treatment

Objetivo. Verificar a relação entre a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo e a presença de alexitimia. Métodos. Estudo transversal, realizado com hipertensos do município de Barbacena ­ Minas Gerais. Foram empregadas duas escalas: Escala de Adesão ao Tratamento Anti-hipertensivo e Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto. Foram utilizados o teste de quiquadrado e o teste t de Student. A correlação entre as duas escalas foi verificada por meio do Coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% Resultados. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por indivíduos do sexo feminino (68,2%), casados (64,6%), com pouca escolaridade (82%) e renda média baixa. Quase a metade dos participantes (46,4%) apresentou escores indicativos da presença de alexitimia. Não foi observada correlação estatisticamente significativa entre adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial e a presença de alexitimia. No entanto, baixa adesão e escores elevados sugestivos de alexitimia foram mais observados em indivíduos com baixa escolaridade e baixa renda. Conclusão. Apesar de não ter sido encontrada correlação entre as duas condições pesquisadas, verificou-se prevalência elevada de alexitimia na amostra estudada, sugerindo a realização de estudos prospectivos com maior tamanho amostral para determinar, de forma mais robusta, a existência de tal relação. (AU)

Objective. To verify the relationship between adherence to antihypertensive treatment and the presence of alexithymia. Methods. Cross-sectional study, conducted with hypertensive in the city of Barbacena - Minas Gerais. Two scales were used, the Antihypertensive Treatment Adherence Scale (QATHAS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). The existence of the relationship between the variables studied was assessed by the chi-square test and the Student t test. To verify the correlation between the two scales, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The adopted significance level was 5%. Results.The sample consisted mainly of females (68.2%), married (64.6%), low education (82%) and low average income. Almost half of the participants (46.4%) had scores indicating the presence of alexithymia. Only 5.1% of the individuals assessed me't the criteria of high adherence to hypertension treatment. No statistically significant correlation was observed between adherence to hypertension treatment and the presence of alexithymia. However, low adherence and high scores suggestive of alexithymia were more observed in individuals with low education and low income. Conclusion. Although no correlation was found between the two conditions surveyed, there was a high prevalence of alexithymia in the study sample, suggesting that prospective studies with a larger sample size should be conducted to more robustly determine the existence of such relation. (AU)

O uso do canto como terapêutica na reabilitação respiratória em idosos institucionalizados / The use of singing as a therapeutic in respiratory rehabilitation in institutionalized elderly / El uso del canto como terapéutica en la rehabilitación respiratoria en los ancianos institucionalizados

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do canto na função respiratória, cardíaca e qualidade de vida em idosos institucionalizados. Método: pesquisa quase experimental e sem grupo controle, com a avaliação de 11 idosos institucionalizados no tempo 0 (pré aplicação) e no tempo 1 (pós aplicação) entre maio a agosto de 2017. As variáveis analisadas foram: função respiratória (capacidade inspiratória, obstrução das vias aéreas, expansibilidade torácica e saturação periférica de oxigênio), função cardíaca (pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca), função neurológica (mini exame do estado mental) e a qualidade de vida (escala de qualidade de vida de Flanagan). Resultados: houve melhora significativa na capacidade inspiratória (p= 0,001) e nos valores de obstrução das vias aéreas (p = 0,008). Conclusão: o canto é uma atividade coadjuvante no tratamento fisioterapêutico para mobilizar volumes, capacidades pulmonares e diminuir obstrução do fluxo aéreo atenuando os efeitos da senescência em idosos institucionalizados.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effects of singing in respiratory and cardiac functions and quality of life in institutionalized elderly. Method: almost experimental and non-control group, with the evaluation of 11 institutionalized elderly at time 0 (pre-application) and at time 1 (post application) between May and August 2017. The variables analyzed were respiratory function (inspiratory capacity, airway obstruction, thoracic expandability and peripheral oxygen saturation), cardiac function (blood pressure and heart rate), neurological function (mini mental status examination), and quality of life (quality of life scale of Flanagan). Results: there was a significant improvement in the respiratory capacity (p= 0,001) and airways obstruction values (p= 0,008). Conclusion: singing is a supporting activity in the physiotherapy treatment to mobilize volumes, pulmonary capacities and decrease airflow obstruction attenuating senescence's effects in institutionalized elderly.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del canto en la función respiratoria, cardiaca y calidad de vida en ancianos institucionalizados. Método: investigación casi experimental y sin grupo control, con la evaluación de 11 ancianos institucionalizados en el tiempo 0 (pre-aplicación) y en el tiempo 1 (post aplicación) entre mayo a agosto de 2017. Las variables analizadas fueron: función respiratoria (capacidad inspiratoria, obstrucción de las mismas las vías aéreas, la expansibilidad torácica y la saturación periférica de oxígeno), la función cardiaca (presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca), la función neurológica (mini examen del estado mental) y la calidad de vida (escala de calidad de vida de Flanagan). Resultados: hubo una mejora significativa en la capacidad inspiratoria (p = 0,001) y en los valores de obstrucción de las vías aéreas (p = 0,008). Conclusión: el canto es una actividad coadyuvante en el tratamiento fisioterapéutico para movilizar volúmenes y capacidades pulmonares y disminuir obstrucción del flujo aéreo atenuando los efectos de la senescencia en ancianos institucionalizados.(AU)

Iodine nutritional status in Brazil: a meta-analysis of all studies performed in the country pinpoints to an insufficient evaluation and heterogeneity

Objectives Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the result of an inadequate dietary intake of iodine, which physiological consequences are endemic goiter and thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to a analyze studies that assessed the status of Brazil’s population iodine nutrition and IDD prevalence. Materials and methods Systematic review using PRISMA statement. Electronic database: PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs. Quality of studies: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was carried out with R Core Team Statistical Software, version 3.1.0 (2014). The summary measure (WMD) and its confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated. The “Funnel plot” graph assessed publication bias and heterogeneity. Results Seventeen papers were eligible: pregnant women (2), school children (9), adults/elderly (4) and preschool children/infants (2). Geographic distribution: North (1), Northeast (1), Midwest (2), Southeast (13), South (3). Twenty-three thousand two hundred seventy-two subjects were evaluated between 1997 and 2013 and all have use urinary iodine (UI) measurement. However, only 7 studies could be included in meta-analysis, all from Southeast region. The overall prevalence of IDD in school children in southeast region was 15.3% (95% CI, 13-35%), however this data had an important heterogeneity, expressed by the I2 Statistic of 99.5%. Conclusion Only few studies have been performed and enrolled populations from south/southeast region of Brazil. The actual IDD prevalence analysis is complex because it was detected bias due influence of individual studies and very high heterogeneity. IDD might still be high in some areas but this remained unknown even after this meta-analysis evaluation. The generation of a national program for analysis of iodine status in all regions is urgently required. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):13-22 .